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What Is a Public IP Address?
A public IP address lets devices and websites exchange data across the internet.
Explore What Is a Public IP Address? →Network privacy guides
Understand what your connection reveals
Short, practical explanations for IP addresses, VPNs, DNS, WebRTC and browser privacy.
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English network privacy articles
Practical explanations, updated as the guidance changes.
IP addresses
Updated
How to Find Your IP Address on Windows, Mac, iPhone and Android
Your device has a private IP address on the local network and shares a public IP address on the internet. Here is how to find both.
Explore How to Find Your IP Address on Windows, Mac, iPhone and Android →Updated
IPv4 vs. IPv6: What Is the Difference?
IPv4 and IPv6 are internet addressing protocols that commonly operate side by side.
Explore IPv4 vs. IPv6: What Is the Difference? →Updated
Static vs. Dynamic IP Address: What Is the Difference and Which Do You Need?
A dynamic IP address can change from time to time; a static IP address stays the same. Most homes are fine with dynamic addresses.
Explore Static vs. Dynamic IP Address: What Is the Difference and Which Do You Need? →Updated
What Is CGNAT? Carrier-Grade NAT Explained (and How to Check if You Are Behind It)
CGNAT lets an internet provider share one public IPv4 address among many customers. It saves addresses but blocks most incoming connections.
Explore What Is CGNAT? Carrier-Grade NAT Explained (and How to Check if You Are Behind It) →Updated
What Is My ISP? How to Find Your Internet Service Provider and ASN
Your IP address belongs to a network block registered to an internet provider. An IP lookup reads that registration to show your ISP and ASN.
Explore What Is My ISP? How to Find Your Internet Service Provider and ASN →Updated
Can an IP Address Reveal Your Location?
IP geolocation usually estimates a region or network location, not a precise physical position.
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What Does an IP Lookup Show?
An IP lookup summarizes public network and approximate geolocation data for an address.
Explore What Does an IP Lookup Show? →Updated
What Is a Private IP Address? 192.168, 10.x and 172.16 Ranges Explained
Private IP addresses identify devices inside a home or office network. They are reused everywhere and cannot be reached directly from the internet.
Explore What Is a Private IP Address? 192.168, 10.x and 172.16 Ranges Explained →Updated
What Is Port Forwarding? How to Set It Up Safely
Port forwarding tells your router to send incoming connections on a specific port to one device on your network. It is useful but exposes that device to the internet.
Explore What Is Port Forwarding? How to Set It Up Safely →VPN, leaks and browser privacy
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How to Hide Your IP Address: 6 Methods Compared
Hiding your IP address means making websites see a different address. Each method trades privacy, speed and convenience differently.
Explore How to Hide Your IP Address: 6 Methods Compared →Updated
How a VPN Changes Your IP Address
A VPN usually makes websites see the VPN server address instead of your direct public IP.
Explore How a VPN Changes Your IP Address →Updated
How to Check if Your VPN Is Working: 5 Quick Tests
A VPN that connects is not always a VPN that protects. These five checks take about five minutes and catch the most common leaks.
Explore How to Check if Your VPN Is Working: 5 Quick Tests →Updated
Proxy vs. VPN: What Is the Difference and Which Should You Use?
Both a proxy and a VPN change the IP address websites see. A VPN also encrypts all device traffic; a proxy usually covers one app.
Explore Proxy vs. VPN: What Is the Difference and Which Should You Use? →Updated
DNS Leak vs. WebRTC Leak: What Is the Difference?
DNS and WebRTC can expose different network signals, so they need different tests and explanations.
Explore DNS Leak vs. WebRTC Leak: What Is the Difference? →Updated
How to Stop WebRTC Leaks in Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Safari
WebRTC can reveal your real IP address even when a VPN is on. A few browser settings or a trusted extension close the gap.
Explore How to Stop WebRTC Leaks in Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Safari →Updated
What Is Browser Fingerprinting and How Can You Reduce It?
Browser fingerprinting combines many small details about your device into an identifier that works even after you clear cookies or change IP.
Explore What Is Browser Fingerprinting and How Can You Reduce It? →Updated
Is Public Wi-Fi Safe? Real Risks and How to Protect Yourself
Public Wi-Fi is safer than it used to be because most sites use HTTPS, but fake hotspots, unencrypted apps and shared networks still carry real risks.
Explore Is Public Wi-Fi Safe? Real Risks and How to Protect Yourself →Speed and connection quality
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What Is a Good Internet Speed? Mbps Needed for Streaming, Gaming and Work
A good internet speed depends on how many people share the connection and what they do. Most households are comfortable with 100–300 Mbps download.
Explore What Is a Good Internet Speed? Mbps Needed for Streaming, Gaming and Work →Updated
Why Is My Internet So Slow? 12 Common Causes and How to Fix Them
Slow internet usually comes from Wi-Fi or the router, not the provider. Test first, then work through the causes from the most likely to the least.
Explore Why Is My Internet So Slow? 12 Common Causes and How to Fix Them →Updated
What Is Ping, Jitter and Packet Loss? A Guide for Gamers and Video Calls
Ping is delay, jitter is how much that delay varies, and packet loss is data that never arrives. Together they decide whether games and calls feel smooth.
Explore What Is Ping, Jitter and Packet Loss? A Guide for Gamers and Video Calls →Updated
Mbps vs. MB/s: Why Downloads Seem Slower Than Your Internet Speed
Internet speeds are sold in megabits per second, while download managers show megabytes per second. One byte is eight bits, so divide by eight.
Explore Mbps vs. MB/s: Why Downloads Seem Slower Than Your Internet Speed →Updated
How to Change Your DNS Server (and the Best Free Public DNS)
Changing DNS can make websites start loading faster, block malicious domains or add family filtering. It takes about two minutes on most devices.
Explore How to Change Your DNS Server (and the Best Free Public DNS) →Updated
How to See Who Is Connected to Your Wi-Fi (and Kick Them Off)
Your router keeps a list of every connected device. Checking it takes two minutes and is the surest way to spot someone using your Wi-Fi.
Explore How to See Who Is Connected to Your Wi-Fi (and Kick Them Off) →More guides
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Undersea Cable Outages: Why International Internet Gets Slow and What Actually Helps
When a submarine cable is cut or under repair, traffic to overseas servers is squeezed onto fewer routes. Local sites stay fast while foreign services slow down, and the fix is mostly patience plus a few smart workarounds.
Explore Undersea Cable Outages: Why International Internet Gets Slow and What Actually Helps →Updated
How to Check if a Link Is Safe: Spotting Scam Links in SMS, Zalo and Facebook
Scam links rely on urgency and look-alike domain names. Reading the real domain, checking when it was registered and never entering codes from a link stops most attacks.
Explore How to Check if a Link Is Safe: Spotting Scam Links in SMS, Zalo and Facebook →Updated
How to Secure Your Home Router and Wi-Fi Modem: A Practical Checklist
Your router guards every device in the home. Changing a few default settings and checking for open ports closes the gaps attackers scan for most often.
Explore How to Secure Your Home Router and Wi-Fi Modem: A Practical Checklist →Updated
What Is DNS over HTTPS (DoH) and DNS over TLS (DoT)? Encrypted DNS Explained
Normal DNS queries travel in plain text, so the network can read or change them. DoH and DoT encrypt those queries between your device and the resolver you choose.
Explore What Is DNS over HTTPS (DoH) and DNS over TLS (DoT)? Encrypted DNS Explained →Updated
Why Is My IP Address Blocked or Getting Endless CAPTCHAs? IP Reputation Explained
Websites judge visitors partly by the reputation of their IP address. Shared, VPN or abused addresses get more CAPTCHAs and blocks, often through no fault of yours.
Explore Why Is My IP Address Blocked or Getting Endless CAPTCHAs? IP Reputation Explained →Updated
Mesh Wi-Fi vs. Range Extender vs. Access Point: How to Fix Dead Zones
Extenders are cheap but often halve speed; mesh systems roam smoothly; wired access points give the best result when you can run a cable. Placement matters as much as the product.
Explore Mesh Wi-Fi vs. Range Extender vs. Access Point: How to Fix Dead Zones →